ContactMode Polyvinylidene ScanningIon-ConductanceMicroscopy SurfaceOxidation SRAM Hexacontane LiNbO3 Singapore sputter Step LateralForce Thermal Lateral_Force_Microscopy conductive tip_bias_mode ULCA Pinpoint mechanical property LowDensityPolyethylene fe_nd_b DOE CBD InLiquid Current Electrode heterojunctions Tapping plastics Polytetrafluoroethylene C60H122 AtomicSteps Polymer Change Chrome Indent