thermoplastic_elastomers suspended_graphene LiquidCell Transparent Led MESA structure Aluminum Microchannel ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy fluorocarbon Formamidinium_lead_iodide PVAP3HT YttriaStabilizedZirconia Polarization Photovoltaics Nanostructure VinylAlcohol Lanthanum_aluminate Implant India AAO FM_KPFM SurfaceOxidation CP-AFM TiO2 dielectric trench Gallium_Arsenide ThermalProperties ForceVolume Composite PvdfBead Domain Dopped UnivOfMaryland cross section