Water UnivCollegeLondon IRDetector IcelandSpar thermoplastic_elastomers BaTiO3 Pores CNT Sphere Leakage Hafnia Wang Non-ContactMode Modulus Electrode ForceMapping BCZT NanoLithography SKPM SrTiO3 Pipette CBD LateralForceMicroscopy NUS_NNI_Nanocore solar_cell Filter MESA structure PolyStylene ContactMode Conductive AFM MfmAmplitude hetero_structure AmplitudeModulation Pattern norganic