WWafer IndiumTinOxide OpticalElement cannabidiol Scanning_Thermal_Microscopy ContactMode SolarCell CalciumHydroxide Biofilm Sidewall block_copolymer BlockCopolymer layers ScanningKelvinProbeMicroscopy Melt ConductiveAFM MBE HfO2 Solution Mfm CuSubstrate cross section TiO2 silicon_carbide Lateral_Force_Microscopy Ucl ShenYang CuParticle BariumTitanate mono_layer MagneticPhase HiVacuum NUS_Physics CancerCell Copper