EFMAmplitude Calcium Alkane OpticalModulator ScanningIon-ConductanceMicroscopy VortexCore Temperature CalciumHydroxyapatite IcelandSpar margarine CopperFoil Pvdf STM Oxidation NUS_Physics Conductivity FastScan Cobalt AdhesionForce ito_film Crystal Yttria_stabilized_Zirconia LateralForce PS_PVAC molecular_self_assembly FM-KPFM LithiumNiobate OrganicSemiconductor NUS_NNI_Nanocore Hexatriacontane Pipette InLiquid alkanes Self-assembledMonolayer Heating