Solution ScanningSpreadingResistanceMicroscopy MfmPhase TipBiasMode Dimethicone PDMS Optic Wang Oxidation Optoelectonics VerticalPFM Graphene LightEmission Boundary P3HT Film ScratchMode Grain Current Jason SolarCell fluoroalkane 2dMaterials Tapping Copolymer mfm_amplitude alkanes Fluoride Blood self-assembled_monolayer ForceDistanceSpectroscopy Workfunction Force-distance C_AFM SiliconOxide