vertical_PFM ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Beads ScanningIon-ConductanceMicroscopy Defects LiNbO3 HexacontaneFilm MagneticArray Pipette Pore Hexylthiophene Growth Collagen ElectroDeposition INSPParis ThermalConductivity Thermal molecular_self_assembly Fujian Ram 2d_materials dielectric_trench GaN Pzt FloppyDisk Magnets optoelectronics STM India MfmAmplitude OpticalWaveguides AtomicSteps Insulator Heating hydrocarbon