Nanopattern Nanofiber Calcium Conductivity ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy LightEmiting Al2O3 Optoelectonics Step PECurve flakes OxideLayer SolarCell Solar PUR UnivCollegeLondon StainlessSteel GaP mechanical_property MBE Indium_tin_oxide Praseodymium Change Logo Graphite Chungnam_National_University P3HT Trench Celebration Nickel SurfaceOxidation atomic_layer DomainSwitching bias_mode block_copolymer